The top formed a basalt crust over a mantle of minerals. China's Chang'e 4 moon mission completes 20th day on lunar farsideShow full articles without "Continue Reading" button for {0} hours.

Because basalt contains both, researchers theorized that the mantle could contain olivine and pyroxene equally, rather than being dominated by one. There are also very few of the "maria" - dark basaltic "seas" created by lava flows - that are evident on the near side.Queqiao orbits 65,000km beyond the Moon, around a Lagrange point - a kind of gravitational parking spot in space where it will remain visible to ground stations in China and other countries such as Argentina.China wants to become a leading power in space exploration, alongside the United States and Russia.In 2017 it announced it was planning to send astronauts to the Moon.It will also begin building its own space station next year, with the hope it will be operating by 2022.The chief designer of China's lunar exploration programme, Wu Weiren, has described Thursday's landing as "an important milestone" for the country's space effort, state media report. The science team also hopes to study parts of the sheet of melted rock that would have filled the newly formed South Pole-Aitken Basin, A third objective is to study the far-side regolith, the broken up rocks and dust that make up the surface, which will help us understand the formation of the Moon.Chang'e-4's static lander is carrying two cameras; a German-built radiation experiment called LND; and a spectrometer that will perform low-frequency radio astronomy observations.Scientists believe the far side could be an excellent place to perform radio astronomy, because it is shielded from the radio noise of Earth.
Another paper published in February in the journal Science Advances used the higher-frequency data to reveal The detections reveal that buried ejecta from major impacts is overlaid by at least four layers of distinct lava flows. Samples from deeper impacts within the basin revealed more olivine. These are external links and will open in a new window Chang'e-4: China mission launches to far side of Moon Fake moon: Could China really light up the night sky? The BBC's John Sudworth in Beijing says the propaganda value of China's leaps forward in its space programme has been tempered by careful media management. The last crewed landing was Apollo 17 in 1972.The Chang'e-4 probe has already sent back its first pictures from the surface, which were shared by state media.With no direct communication link possible, all pictures and data have to be bounced off a separate satellite before being relayed to Earth.Previous Moon missions have landed on the Earth-facing side, but this is the first time any craft has landed successfully on the unexplored and rugged far side.Some spacecraft have crashed into the far side, either after system failures, or after they had completed their mission.Ye Quanzhi, an astronomer at Caltech, told the BBC this was the first time China had "attempted something that other space powers have not attempted before".The Chang'e-4 was launched from Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in China on 7 December; it arrived in lunar orbit on 12 December.It was then directed to lower itself toward the Moon, being careful to identify and avoid obstacles, Chinese state media say.

All pictures and data have to be bounced off a separate satellite It marks the first time any biological matter has grown on the Moon… The data provides direct evidence of multiple lava-infilling events, likely occurring during the Imbrium epoch, between roughly 3,850 and 3,200 million years ago.The researchers use the readings and earlier papers to build a possible history of Von Kármán crater, suggesting which impact events may have created particular subsurface strata.The solar powered lander and Yutu 2 will wake up between 24 and 48 hours after local sunrise on Aug. 11 to begin lunar day 21. All of Chang'e 4's science instruments — including a low-frequency astronomy payload on the lander and a spectrometer for analyzing the composition of the lunar surface — are working well, according to CLEP.Data from another Yutu 2 instrument — the ground-penetrating radar — has also been used to provide a first deep look below Von Kármán crater in a The radar operates at two frequencies, 60 MHz and 500 MHz.
When asteroids and other objects collide with the moon, the crust is cracked and pieces of the mantle reach the surface. "They live-streamed the launch of Chang'e 2 and 3, as well as the landing of Chang'e 3.

Next, Yutu-2 will sample more material from the floor of the crater to determine its origin, and researchers are looking at the possibility of returning samples to Earth.

A full-size model of the Tianhe core module of China's space station Compared with Earth, the moon's surface is relatively untouched, the researchers said.

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