Bloody Sunday or Red Sunday is the name given to the events of Sunday, 22 January [ These comprised units of the Imperial Guard, who provided the permanent garrison of Saint Peterburg and The first instance of shooting occurred between 10 and 11 am. This caused the continuation of strikes and the first major industrial strike in Russia, which occurred in the year 1870 in St. Petersburg.A leading role in these events was played by a priest Father The "Assembly of the Russian Factory and Mill Workers of the City of St. Petersburg", otherwise known as “the Assembly”, had been headed by Fr.

Gapon since 1903.…a noble endeavor, under the guidance of truly Russian educated laymen and clergy, to foster among the workers a sober, Christian view of life and to instill the principle of mutual aid, thereby helping to improve the lives and working conditions of laborers without violent disruption of law and order in their relations with employers and the government.The Assembly served as a type of union for the workers of St. Petersburg. Strikes began to erupt outside of St. Petersburg in places such as Moscow, Perhaps the most significant effect of Bloody Sunday was the drastic change in the attitude of the Russian peasants and workers.

Any problems that the lower classes faced were associated with the Previously the tsar had been seen as the champion of the people: in dire situations, the masses would appeal to the tsar, traditionally through a petition, and the tsar would respond to his people promising to set things right. The Assembly would act as one of the catalysts for what would later be known as Bloody Sunday.The decision to prepare and present a petition was made in the course of discussions during the evening of 19 January [Troops had been deployed around the Winter Palace and at other key points.

Assembly of Russian Factory Workers of St. PetersburgPhillip Blom, The Vertigo Years: Europe (New York: Basic Books, 2008), 140.Gapon, Address to the Tsar, February 1905, in Ascher, Peasants “were confronted by unfamiliar social relationships, a frustrating regime of factory discipline, and the distressing conditions of urban life.”These corrections did not address a grossly unbalanced system that clearly favoured the employers. The emancipation of the serfs resulted in the establishment of a permanent working class in urban areas, which created a strain on traditional Russian society. A widely quoted reaction was "we no longer have a Tsar".This event was seen by the British ambassador as inflaming revolutionary activities in Russia and contributing to the The immediate consequence of Bloody Sunday was a strike movement that spread throughout the country. There was no single encounter directly before the Winter Palace, as often portrayed, but rather a series of separate collisions at the bridges or other entry points to the central city. Depicted as strictly conservative in its support of the autocracy, the Assembly was a means of preventing revolutionary influences and appeasing the workers by striving for better conditions, hours, and pay. Despite the urging of various members of the imperial family to stay in St. Petersburg, the Tsar left on Saturday 21 January [In the pre-dawn winter darkness of the morning of Sunday, 22 January [A report had been made to the Tsar at Tsarskoe Selo on Saturday night on the measures being taken to contain the marchers.

The lower classes placed their faith in the tsar. While it was unrealistic for the marchers to expect Nicholas to ride out into the Palace Square to meet them, his absence from the city, against at least some advice, reflects a lack of imagination and perception that he was to show on other occasions. The Tsar's officials recorded 96 dead and 333 injured; anti-government sources claimed more than 4,000 dead; moderate estimates still average around 1,000 killed or wounded, both from shots and being trampled during the panic.Nicholas II described the day as "painful and sad".Although the Tsar was not at the Winter Palace and did not give the order for the troops to fire, he was widely blamed for the inefficiency and callousness with which the crisis had been handled. Substantial military forces were deployed in and around the environs of the Winter Palace. The column led by Gapon was fired upon near the As late as 2 pm large family groups were promenading on the The total number killed in the day's clashes is uncertain. The killing of people, many of whom had seen the Tsar as their "Little Father", resulted in a surge of bitterness towards Nicholas and his autocratic rule.

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